Almost all animals are either autotrophic or chemosynthetic single-celled or colonial asymmetric or conical anaerobic or asexual radial or bilateral.
Animals are multicellular autotrophs multicellular heterotrophs saprobes producers unicellular parasites.
Which of the following organisms exhibits cephalization? snail hydra sea star sponge placozoan.
The human head is located on the _____ side of the body. dorsal ventral anterior posterior left and right.
All EXCEPT which of the following statements is true of animal segmentation? Almost all segmented animals display uniform segments from anterior to posterior. Segmentation is a prelude to specialization of appendages. Internal segmentation may occur even if external segmentation is not visible Segments may be fused together. It is present in annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates.
A digestive tract is complete if it possesses specialized regions for different digestive tasks. produces acids and contains enzymes. is a one-way tube with a mouth and an anus. is surrounded by muscle. uses the same opening for food ingestion and expulsion of wastes.
Which of the following is a body cavity that contains a lining that encloses organs, protecting and holding them in place? the mesoderm the gastrodermis hydrostatic system a coelom all of these.
The sponges are classified in the pylum _____. Placozoa Porifera Cnidaria Rotifera Ctenophora.
Choanoflagellates have flagellated collar cells. make signaling molecules and adhesion proteins. share a common ancestor with sponges. may be colonial. all of these.
Trichoplax is a small, flattened, soft-bodied marine animal. is placed between sponges and cnidarians on the animal family tree. is the sole representative of its phylum. has no mouth but rather uses extracellular digestion and absorption. all of these.
Two general body plans found in cnidarians are radial and bilateral medusa and polyp asymmetric and bilateral coelomic and acoelomic medusa and planula.
A nematocyst is a stinging cell at the free and of an epidermal cell that contains a barbed thread. a tentacle of a medusa such as the Portuguese man-of-war. the larval stage of sexually reproducing medusas. one of the reproductive polyps of a colonial hydra. the hydrostatic skeleton of a cnidarian.
The cnidarian nerve net is a complex array of nervous tissue and organs simple nervous tissue intertwined with the epithelium made up of nerve cells that send messages to contractile cells controls the hydrostatic skeleton all except "a complex array of nervous tissue and organs".
Adult cnidarians utilize _____ in order to move. flagella cilia tentacles hydrostatic skeletons pseudopods.
Cnidarians include all but which of the following animals? jelly fishes sea anemones sea squirts hydras corals.
Which of the following do NOT display either radial or bilateral symmetry? Nematoda Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Rotifera Cnidaria.
Flatworms are believed to have evolved from sponges comb jellies cnidarian planulas cnidarian medusas corals.
The _____ are the simplest organisms to have an excretory system. Hint: this system consists of cilia beating within canals. flatworms cnidarians comb jellies rotifers nematodea.
The adult tapeworm cannot survive outside of its host because it requires a high body temperature can fertilize itself indefinitely is anaerobic has no digestive tract is flat.
Rotifers acquire food by absorbing their host´s fluids throught the body wall. using rotating ciliated lobes to create a vortex in water and pull in prey. the use of stinging cells which fire barbed hooks at prey when triggered. eating soil and digesting microbes in it. breaking down leaf litter and other detritus.
Chronic clogging of the lymphatic system by _____ results in a condition called elephantiasis. nematodes cnidarians flatworms flukes poriferans.
Which of the following worms is NOT related to the other four? nematodes earthworms heartworms pinworms Guinea worms.
The animal group that has retained the largest number of segments in their body forms are the Echinoderms Nematodes Annelids Platyhelminths Rotifers.
The movement of earthworms is dependent on circular muscles longitudinal muscles hydrostatic skeleton setae all of these.
The nephridia of an earthworm are longitudinal muscles that shorten and thinken the worms to anchor it in the soil. nerve chords that run the lenght of the body primitive kidneys that control the composition and volume of coelomic fluids bristles used in locomotion body segments, each with its own muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
The molluscs with the most complex nervous systems are chitons cephalopods gastropods bivalves scallops.
The class of mollusks that included snails, slugs, limpets, and nudibranchs is the gastropod chiton bivalve cephalopod scallop.
The animal phylum that contains the greatest number of known species is Mollusca Arthropoda Nematoda Chordata Annelida.
A flattened terrestrial arthropod predator with venom and usually one pair of legs per segment is a crustacean millipede trilobite centipede Daddy Longlegs.
Some insects lacks wings mature without undergoing metamorphosis are highly social have mouth parts specialized for bloodsucking all of these.
A(n) _____ provides support and protection to arthropods. cytoskeleton exoskeleton internal skeleton epidermis shell.
Molting in arthropods is required because of a change in the animal´s body form sex body size eating habits sensory structures.
The breathing apparatus of spiders is different from that of insects, and is composed of leaflike _____. gills chambers tracheas pedipalps book lungs.
The arthropods are the only invertebrate phyla containing certain appendages for attaching to surfaces feeding copulation flight swimming.
Which of the following invertebrates is most closely related to the vertebrates? platyhelminthes molluscs echinoderms arthropods annelids.
Which of the followong are deutersomes? chordates annelids arthropods mollusks all of these.
"Archaeopteryx" (a fossil animal) has characteristics which link it to both: amphibians and reptiles reptiles and mammals reptiles and birds birds and mammals amphibians and mammals.
Which of the following statements concerning all chordates is NOT true? All chordates have notochords All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or perforations. All chordates have dorsal tubular nerve cords. All chordates are vertebrates. Chordates are found in all major types of environments.
Four of the five answers below are principal characteristics of all chordates at some point of their development. Select the exception. tail bony vertebra notochord dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal gill slits.
The invertebrate chordate mode of feeding is that of filter feeders scavengers herbivores predators parasites.
Craniates were the earliest form of deuterostomes. most closely resemble adult tunicates. include all fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals alive today. are named for the segmented muscles found in lancelets. were the first group to have a pharynx.
Placoderms were the first fishes to display jaws gill openings cartilaginous skeletons jaws and gill openings all of these.
Adult hagfishes are parasites of live fish are scvengers, feeding on dead and dying fish feed on algae attached to rocks and other substrates are predators of live fish are filter feeders.
_____ are a diverse group of chordates with a backbone, containing members adapted to life in the sea, on land, and in the air. chordates therapsids vertebrates agnathans invertebrates.
Internal bony jaws of vertebrates are believed to have been produced through the evolutionary modification of pharyngeal slits anterior gill support bars amniotic arches modified scales paired fins.
Chimeras and rays differ from the majority of fish in that they lack lungs scales paired appendages bone jaws.
In fishes ancestral to land vertebrates, pouches in the gut wall developed into heart chambers the notochord lobes of the liver lungs vocal cords.
Which of the following structures is found in lobe-finned fish? cartilagenous skeleton replaceable teeth dermal fin rays gills all of these.
Match with it´s phylum or class Lancelet Skate Lamprey Tadpole Tuna.
Exchange of repiratory gases through the skin is a characteristic of many fish amphibians reptiles mammals birds.
Amphibians are distinguished from earlier vertebrates by the development of eggs capable of hatching on land metamorphosis the development of limbs capable of moving on land the presence of scales to prevent desiccation absence of gills in any stage of development.
The class of amphibians that has members that retain larval features are the coelacanths caecilians toads frogs salamanders.
Which if the following is NOT an amniote? reptile bird amphibian mammal primate.
The evolution of the _____ in reptiles permitted a rapid colonization of terrestrial habitats. lungs paired appendages shelled eggs the four-chambered heart scales.
Reptiles resemble _____ in not being able to _____. fish; leave the water birds; breathe using lungs ostracoderms; utilize their jaws amphibians; maintain a constant body temperature mammals; give birth to live young.
Mammals and birds both evolved from _____. Amphibians Reptiles Osteichthyes Osteichthyes Archaeopteryx.
What membrane structure provides nourishment for reptile and bird embryos? allantois amnion albumin chorion yolk sac.
The outermost embryonic membrane is the _____, which forms the embryonic part of the placenta in mammals allantois amnion albumin chorion yolk sac.
The membrane which encloses the fluids which surround the developing bird embryo is the allantois amnion albumin chorion yolk sac.
Even though birds are believed to have descended from carnivoros dinosaurs, birds do NOT have scales teeth a tail herding instict large muscles.
Other than lungs and air sacs, what part of a bird´s body stores oxygen? stomach feathers hollow long bones heart liver.
A high metabolic rate is necessary in order for birds and mammals to regulate heart rate breathing locomotion body temperature reproduction.
Mammals are placed into three subclasses based on their method of feeding embryonic development and care breathing locomotion mating.
Which of these adaptations(s) is(are) found in mammals? hair four types of upper and lower teeth that match up secretion of milk by females extended period of parental care and education of the offspring all of these.
Monotremes resemble birds in having a 4-chambered heart laying eggs lacking teeth internal regulation of body temperature all of these.
All of the following are placental mammals EXCEPT Primates Carnivores Marsupials Rodents Felines.
The first known primates were characterized as arboreal ground-dwelling bipedal hominids gliders.
The ability to grasp objects by wrapping the hand around them is termed opposable prehensile grappling grabbing hooking.
About 40,000 years ago, what kinds of evolution replaced biological evolution in the shaping of modern humans? cultural behavioral chemical psychological morphological.
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