Attacker as a little bit of the text ("crib") and then uses that to figure out what the other encrypted part is
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Uses precomputed hashes to guess passwords
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A hash that contains of bit of extra random information, so that it can't be found in a rainbow table
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Just just trying every known common word in hopes of cracking a password
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Uses every combination of characters to try to find the password, but done online and often slow and will get locked out after a certain number of tries
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Get a file of users and hashes and determine the calculation offline - very resource intensive for computing
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Same hash used for several different plaintexts; should never happen, hashes should always be unique
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Takes advantage of a mathematical probability
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Forcing a system to use a downgraded weaker form of security that can't protect against a more sophisticated attack
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Using weak encrypting standards WEP, DES, etc., poorly designed protection, etc - major problem here
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