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Title of test:
Neurology UP

Description:
neurology

Author:
mad
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Creation Date:
01/12/2023

Category:
Open University

Number of questions: 100
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CT angiography of cerebral blood vessels is indicated in case of: Subarachnoid bleeding Epidural bleeding Meningitis or encephalitis Subdural bleeding.
CT angiography of cerebral blood vessels is contraindicated In pregnancy In patients with large intracranial aneurysm In patients with allergy to gadolinium In patients with intracerebral bleeding.
Mark the correct statement regarding digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Is an invasive imaging method, which uses a contrast agent directly administered into arterial blood vessel Does not use any radiation during the examination During examination no contrast agent is used It is non-invasive cerebrovascular imaging method.
Mark the correct statement regarding digital subtraction angiography (DSA) no iodine contrast agent is used is not based on X-rays it is a diagnostic and therapeutic method is contraindicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Mark a false statement regarding CT angiography Is perfomed in case of subarachnoid bleeding Is used in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms Is used to assess carotid artery stenosis Is not recommended in patients with ischemic stroke.
MR angiography (MRA) Is faster method compared to CT angiography Does not use radiation Gadolinium contrast is not contraindicated in pregnant women Is cheaper method compared to CT angiography.
During MR angiography (MRA) Iodinated contrast agent is used It is not possible to visualize the blood vessels without administration of a contrast agent The contrast medium is never used For more detailed blood vessel visualisation gadolinium may be used.
MR angiography is absolutely contraindicated In patients with allergy to iodine contrast agent In patients with implanted steel material In pregnant women In patients with renal insufficiency.
Which EEG finding supports epileptic origin of the paroxysmal loss of the conciousness (epileptic seizure) Generalised theta Spike-wave complexes Predominant occipital alpha Frontal intermittent theta-delta.
EMG (electromyography): nerve conduction studies – NCS show In the case of a demyelinating-axonal lesion, an increase in the conduction velocity through a given part of the nerve and an increase in the amplitude of the action potential In the case of a demyelinating-axonal lesion, a slowing down of the conduction velocity through a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential In the case of a demyelinating-axonal lesion, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential In the case of demyelinating-axonal lesions, slowing down the conduction velocity through a given part of the nerve and increasing the amplitude of the action potential.
EMG (electromyography): nerve conduction studies - NCS show in axonal lesions we find a slowing of the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses in axonal lesions a slowing of the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and an increase in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses in axonal lesions we find an increase in the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses in the case of an axonal lesion, we find the normal conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses.
EMG (electromyography): nerve conduction studies - NCS show In a demyelinating lesion of the central motoneuron, a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential or complete loss of response In a demyelinating lesion of a peripheral nerve an increase in the conduction velocity through a given part of the nerve, with a normal amplitude of the action potential In the case of a demyelinating lesion of the peripheral nerve, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential In a demyelinating lesion of the central motoneuron, a slowing down of the conduction velocity through a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential.
Central (upper) motor neuron lesion is characterised by Decreased muscle tone Hyperreflexia of tendon reflexes Hyporeflexia of tendon reflexes Rigidity.
Glasgow coma scale evaluates: Eye-opening, verbal and Babinski responses Comprehension, verbal, motor respinsess Eye-opening, verbal, flection, extension responses Eye-opening, verbal, motor responses.
EMG (electromyography): nerve conduction studies – NCS Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities after stimulation of peripheral nerves Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities in suspected myopathy Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities after stimulation of peripheral nerves, registered above the spinal cord and cerebral cortex Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities in diseases affecting the neuromuscular junction.
EMG (electromyography) is an examination method that allows to locate a lesion At the level of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures At the level of the brainstem In the central part of the spinal cord In the muscle or spinal cord, or in the spinal root, or plexus and peripheral nerve.
EMG (electromyography): method of needle EMG We insert a needle into the muscle and then we observe spontaneous muscle activity, in the next step voluntary activity – muscle contraction Is used for measurement of skin conductivity by needle insertion We insert a needle into the given nerve and then we observe spontaneous muscle activity, in the next step voluntary activity – muscle contraction We insert a needle into the muscle and then we take a muscle sample for histological examination.
Correct statement for needle EMG (electromyography) or Mark correct answer for needle EMG (electromyography) Conductivity of a spinal cord is measured after insertion of a needle Needle is inserted into the particular muscle and spontaneous resting and voluntary activity of supplied muscle is observed Needle is inserted into the particular nerve and spontaneous resting and voluntary muscle’s activity isobserved Specimen of a muscle for histologic examination is taken by needle.
If pathological spontaneous activity is detected in the examined muscle by needle EMG (electromyography) It means denervation potential called pathological increment of action potentials It is a pathological decrement of action potentials It means denervation potentials called fibrillations and fasciculations It means a myasthenic syndrome with a decrement of the amplitude of action potentials.
Postural and kinetic tremor is most commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease Stroke Essential tremor Cerebellar dysfunction.
Mark correct statement for needle EMG(electromyography) finding in case … myopathic pattern means reduced duration of motor units action myopathic pattern means prolonged duration of motor units action myopathic pattern means increased number of muscle fibers myopathic pattern – action potentials called duplets or triplets .
Which of the following statements are NOT true for freezing in Parkinson’s disease? Freezing of gait is often not very responsive to dopaminergic medication Freezing usually affects all types of locomotion, not only automatic walking It is a problem with automatic walking, voluntary walking is spared Patients are able to overcome freezing by using different sensory tricks.
Pathological spontaneous muscles denervation activity verified by EMG (electromyography) means presence of potentials called pathological decrement of action potentials denervation potentials called pathological increment of action potentials myastenic syndrome denervation potentials called fibrillation or fasciculations.
Mark correct statement Spinal cord lesion can be manifested by homolateral hemiparesis Spinal cord lesion can be manifested by contralateral hemiparesis Brainstem lesion can be manifested by homolateral hemiparesis Brain hemispheral lesion can be manifested by hormonal hemiparesis.
The evoked potentials - BAEP (Brainstem auditory EP) are used for Detection of conduction disturbances in the trigeminal nerve Detection of conduction disturbances at the level of the spinal cord and brainstem Detection of conduction disturbances in the auditory tract Detection of conduction disturbances at the level of the medulla spinalis.
Evoked potentials – BAEP are used for: The detection of visual pathway disorders The detection of trigeminal nerve disorders The detection of medulla oblongata disorders The detection of auditory (hearing) pathway disorders.
The most common genetic disorder primarily associated with chorea is Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Parkinson’s disease Huntington’s disease Wilson’s disease.
Evoked potentials: SEP (somatosensory EP) in practice, stimulation of the vestibulocochlear nerve is most often used in SEP stimulation of the n. axillaris and n. peroneus is most often used in practice in the routine practice is mostly used stimulation of the median nerve and the optic nerve stimulation of the median nerve and tibial nerve is most often used in practice.
Evoked Potentials: SEP: N. axillaris and peroneal nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation Median nerve and tibial posterior nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation Median nerve and optic nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation Vestibulocochlear and optic nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation.
Evoked potentials: SEP are used for examination: Of olfactory pathway Auditory and vestibular pathway function on brainstem level, thalamus and parietal cortex Of visual pathway, mainly the optic nerve disorders Of sensitivity pathway ranging from the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal dorsal columns, brainstem, thalamus and cerebral parietal cortex.
The principle of the investigation of evoked potentials (EP) is Registration of the nerve impulse propagation in the neuromuscular junction, it is a response to a precisely defined stimulus from the peripheral nerve Registration of nerve impulse propagation in a well-defined muscle Registration of the nerve impulse propagation along a certain neural path, it is a response of nerve to a precisely defined stimulus Registration of the nerve impulse propagation along the muscle, it is a response of the muscle to a precisely defined stimulus.
VEP - visual evoked potentials The physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of three waves - I., III. and V., corresponding to the conduction through the brainstem (N-P-N complex) The physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of five waves at the level of the brainstem(wave I.-V.), and we evaluate mainly the latency of the wave N1 The physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of three waves - N-P-N, of which the most mportant is the latency of the wave Physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of two responses - waves P25 and P40 in a typical N-P-N complex.
VEP - visual evoked potentials are mainly used for The detection of disorders of limb proprioception, especially median nerve The detection of visual disturbances in oculomotor disorders, especially a case of diplopia The detection of visual disturbances at the level of the spinal cord The detection of disorders of the optic pathway, especially part of the optic nerve.
VEP - visual evoked potentials are mainly used for We use blink reflex directly to stimulation The text reading on the screen is used to stimulation, if is normal… We use stimulating electrode directly in the eye, then we measure the… Stimulating the eye uses a structured trigger (white and black fields on the...).
What are the indications of cerebrospinal fluid analysis? Brain tumor Skull fracture Ischemic stroke Autoimmune encephalitis.
Autoimmune chorea is typical for which age? Infancy Late adulthood Adolescence Prevalence is the same in every age.
What are the indications of cerebrospinal fluid analysis? Brain tumor Skull fracture Ischemic stroke Meningeal carcinomatosis.
What are the indications of cerebrospinal fluid analysis? Brain tumor Skull fracture Ischemic stroke Multiple sclerosis.
What are the indications of cerebrospinal fluid analysis? Brain tumor Skull fracture Ischemic stroke Myelitis.
Chorea is defined as Problems with coordination of movements Complex involuntary , often twisting movements that do not have a typical pattern and are unpredictable movement Complex patterned twisting movements or postures Simple jerky movements .
What diseases lead to the positive intrathecal synthesis of Ig Acute ischemic stroke Multiple sclerosis Parkinson disease Alzheimer disease.
Mark correct answer Spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid detects the presence of the blood in cerebrospinal fluid (SAH) Spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is used in patients with suspected Alzheimerdisease Spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid measures increased level of glucose Spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is indicated in all patients with acute ischemic stroke .
Mark correct answer Positive oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid are present in patients with Parkinson disease CSF exmanination is indicated in all patients with epilepsy Positive oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid are present in patients with ischemic stroke CSF exmanination is indicated in patients with suspision for the demyelinating disorders.
Mark incorrect answer MRI is indicated in all patients with suspicion for myelitis MRI in comparison with CT is more sensitive in depicting bone tissue pathology MRI is contraindikated in patients with cardiostimulator MRI can also be used in children.
What is true about MRI? MRI in comparison with CT is more sensitive in depicting soft tissue pathology MRI is contraindicated in patients with venrtikulo- peritoneal shunt Contrast agents used in MRI contain lodic compounds MRI in comparison with CT is more sensitive in depicting bone tissue pathology For the patients with hemorrhagic stroke.
Mark correct answer MRI is contraindicated in pregnancy MRI in comparison to CT is more sensitive in depicting of a bone tissue’s pathology MRI in comparison to CT is more sensitive in depicting of a soft tissue’s pathology Contrast agents used in MRI contain iodium.
Chorea is A simple jerky movement Occurs with low dopamine brain levels The most common symptom of Parkinson’s disease An involuntary unpredictable complex hyperkinetic movement.
Mark incorrect answer MRI is indicated in patients with suspected inflammatory effection of spinal cord brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T1 hyperintense lesions MRI is indicated in patients with suspected demyelinating disease brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T2 hyperintense lesions.
On the plane X-ray we can see bones vessels brain haemorrhage brain tumor.
Hypokinetic movement disored is Myoclonus Dystonia Parkinsonism Chorea.
Mark correct statement for functional psychogenic movement disorders their pattern is constant and doesnt change with distraction physiotherapy might help antipsychotics are used as a first-line treatment patient is malingering the symptoms.
Magnetic resonance imaging Has no serious contraindications Is strictly contraindicated in pregnancy In T2 imaging visualizes hyperintense demyelinating lesions Is a faster and more accessible methodology compared to CT examination.
Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of first choice In the diagnosis of acute cerebral hemorrhage In the diagnosis of CNS demyelinating diseases In the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke In the diagnosis of epidural and subdural hemorrhage.
Magnetic resonance (MRI) As contrast medium is used iodine Displays demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis or dispalys demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis Has no contraindications Is realized in all patients with stroke.
Mark correct answer The cerebrospinal fluid is displayed as hyperintense on the T2 and FLAIR The cerebrospinal fluid is displayed as hypointense on the T2-weighted MR image The cerebrospinal fluid is displayed as hyperintense on the T1-weighted MR image The cerebrospinal fluid is displayed as hyperintense on the T2-weighted MR image.
Mark the incorrect statement about sonography of extracranial vessels It is not used for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke Can visualise atherosclerotic plaque, as well as assess the nature of a plaque It is a combination of both B-mode and doppler examination It is a non-invasive method, without radiation.
Mark the correct statement regarding B-mode sonography of extracranial vessels Can depict moving particles under the probe based on change of frequency of the reflected ultrasound waves Can depict structures under the probe based on reflected ultrsound waves Can depict anechogenic structures such as fresh trombus in blood vessel Can determinate direction of moving particles, but not the speed of a blood flow.
Vertebral arteries they diverge directly from aortic arch they diverge from subclavian artery they diverge from common carotid artery during physiological condition they supply the brain in around 50% of blood flow.
Transcranial sonography of cerebral arteries Basilar and vertebral arteries cannot be viewed through ultrasound The examination is carried out through the so-called acoustic bone windows We cannot asses stenosis or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery We cannot asses spasms of the arteries of Willis circuit .
We routinely do not use duplex ultrasound exam of extracranial blood vessels In patients with intracerebral bleeding In patients with stroke in vertebrobasilar territory In patients with carotid artery dissection For control exam of patients after carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy.
Duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial blood vessels is contraindicated: In patient after thyroid gland surgery Ultrasound has no major contraindication In pregnancy In patients with allergy to iodine contrast agent.
Duplex sonography of extracranial brain vessels In pregnant women Has no significant contraindication Is contraindicated in patients with allergy to iodinated contrast media Is contraindicated in patients in terminal stage of renal failure.
Which from the following statements is true considering Duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial: Uses mechanic vibration with frequency below 14 It is not possible to visualize atherosclerotic … Uses B-mode and Doppler mode for display (of blood vessels) – doppler for the velocity ...
Which of the following statement is true considering duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial vessels: uses mechanic vibration with frequency below 16KHz it is not possible to visualize atheroslerotic plaque or other blood vessel pathology it is an invasine neuroimaging method without radiation uses B mode and Doppler mode for dispaly of blood vessels.
Routinely we use ultrasound examination in diagnosis of Brain tumors Movement disorders Back pain Cerebrovascular diseases.
Typical features of REM sleep are: sleep spindels muscle atonia, saw tooth waves vertex sharp waves K- complexes.
Carotid sonography cannot reveal The presence of calcified plaques in common carotid artery The course of vertebral arteries in the neck area The presence of a soft atherosclerotic plaque in the cervical part of internal carotid artery The presence of stenosis of internal carotid artery below the bifurcation.
Typical features of NREM sleep are not K-complexes, vertex sharp waves Delta frequency band Rapid eye movements Sleep spindels.
Typical features of REM sleep are sleep spindels muscle atonia, saw tooth waves vertex sharp waves K- complexes.
Typical feature of the NREM sleep are: sleeping k-komplex with pointy waves muscle atonia, saw tooth waves pointy waves.
Epidural bleeding on CT is seen as: Hypodense semicircle lesion Hyperdense semcircle lesion Hyperdense biconvex lens-like shape lesion Hypodense biconvex lens-like shape lesion.
Mark the correct statement regarding brain ischemia and CT In acute stage, ischemia of the brain may not be visible In acute stage, has a density as cerebrospinal fluid In acute stage, ischemia has a density as a bone In acute stage, ischemia has a density as a bone.
Dysdiadochokinesis means Problem with aiming Problem with coordination between muscle groups in a more complex movement Tremor of a limb before reaching the target Problem with rapid alternating movements.
Which of the following is not a feature of cerebellar dysfunction? Dysphagia Oculomotor problems and nystagmus Kinetic and intentional tremor Rigidity.
Cerebellar Dysfunction may present with: Gait with narrow basis and decreased armswing Paresis Passivity (decreased muscle tone) Hemihypesthesia.
Which of the following symptoms is a feature of neocerebellar syndrome? Hypermetria Passivity (lower muscle tone) All statements are correct Oculomotor abnormalities.
Key clinical feature of Parkinson’s disease (must be present in 100% of patients) is Resting tremor Rigidity Chorea Bradykinesia.
Patients with cerebellar dysfunction typically fall To the contralateral side of the affected cerebellar hemisphere Backwards Forwards To the side of the affected cerebellar hemisphere.
Dysmetria means Problem with rapid alternating movements Problem with coordination between muscle groups in a more complex movement Tremor of a limb before reaching the target Problem with aiming.
Neocerebellum includes the Flocculonodular lobe Cerebellar hemispheres None statement is correct Vermis.
Lesions of the vermis will be primarily related to ataxia of Standing and walking Contralateral limbs Speech Ipsilateral limbs.
Mark the correct statement The internal carotid artery divides into the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery The internal carotid artery is a branch of the common carotis and most often bifurcation lies in a level C6 / C7 The left internal carotid artery is a direct branch of aortic arch The right internal carotid artery is a branch of the brachiocephalicus truncus.
Mark the correct statement about common carotid artery It is a direct branch of aortic arch on the left side Subclavian artery is a branch of common carotid artery It is a direct branch of the brachiocephalic trunk on the left side Its terminal branches are middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery.
Which from following statement is true right common carotid artery diverge directly from aortic arch right internal carotid artery diverge from brachiocephalic trunk left internal carotid artery diverge directly from aortic arch right common carotid artery diverge from brachiocephalic trunk.
Which pathway crosses in the area of central spinal canal (comissura alba anterior)? Pathway for deep sensitivity Pathway for temperature Corticospinal tract No track crosses the.
Neuropathic pain Is not presented in diabetic patients or in case of trigeminal neuralgia Is well treated by common analgesics/painkillers Can apper in lesion of both the central and peripheral nervous systems Does not respond well to anticonvulsants.
Neurophatic pain: is only related to cns damage / eg. Stroke, multiple sclerosis anticonvulsant and antidepressant have fine effect does not occur in neuralgia of trigeminal nerve it respond well to common painkillers in case of early treatment.
What diagnoses are presented by meningeal syndrome? Which disorder typically manifests by meningeal syndrome? Myelitis Polyradiculoneuritis Multiple sclerosis Subarachnoidal bleeding.
Neurophatic pain: Is only related to cns damage / eg. Stroke, multiple sclerosis Anticonvulsant and antidepressant have fine effect Does not occur in neuralgia of trigeminal nerve It respond well to common painkillers in case of early treatment.
Isolated defect in deep sensitivity occurs within Lesion of the posterior columns Lesion of lateral columns Lesion in the area of the central spinal canal Lesions of anterior spinal artery.
An abnormal painful sensitive perception is called Allodynia Hyperpathy Dysesthesia Paraesthesia.
Bradykinesia means Deceleration of repeated movements – decrement of their frequency Decreased amplitude of movements Difficulties to initiate voluntary movements Deceleration and instability of a gait.
Parkinsonian syndrome is Resting tremor in combination with rigidity and/or bradykinesia Action tremor in combination with rigidity and/or bradykinesia Bradykinesia in combination with rigidity and/or resting tremor Rigidity in combination with resting tremor and/or bradykinesia.
Typical sign of parkinsonian syndrome is Postural tremor Intentional tremor Action tremor Resting tremor.
Typical tremor in Parkinsons disease is (typical temporal Parkinsons disease is) Intentional Resting Postural Kinetic.
Which of the following statements are true for rigidity? It is a consequence of tremor Rigidity is dependent on speed of pasive movements – resistance is higher with slower movements Rigidity is dependent on speed of pasive movements – resistance is higher with slower movements Rigidity worsens with co-activation of contralateral limbs.
Mark INCORRECT statement for rigidity Is increased by any movements of a contralateral limb Occurs in Parkinson’s disease Occurs in atypical parkinsonian syndromes Depends on velocity of a passive movement of a limb.
Upper brainstem lesion manifests as or Upper brainstem lesion is manifests as: Only deep sensation deficit on contralateral side of the body Only superficial sensation deficit on contralateral side of the body Deficit of both sensation modalities on contralateral half of body including the face. Deficit of both sensation modalities on contralateral half of body and homolateral half of the face.
Which of the following is pathognomonic for functional tremor? Tremor changes character or disappears with mental or motor distraction None of the statements is true Tremor gets worse with mental or motor distraction Distraction does not make any difference in character or amplitude of functional tremor.
Which of the following belongs to hyperkinetic movement disorders? Hypokinesia Bradykinesia Rigidity Myoclonus.
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